Ceramic safety tile



Patented Sept. 21,, 1926; a Q g UNITED STATES PATENT v()FliflCE ,j.

macnozuznn c. noozn, or womasrna. acnusa'rra; assmnon 'ro women com mm, or woacasras, uassacn-osarrsmconroae'rron or uassacnusn'rrs.

' censure sum? 'rn a. Ho Drawing. Application filed October 27, 1922. Serial Bo. 587,88B.-

This invention relatcsto safety'treads-and employ not," under 25% and not over 60% more particularly to anti-slipping tiles of by weight relative to the total-amount of ceramic bonded granular materialfandthe bond and anti-slipping grains, in order that I I prime object of this invent'on is to rovide the porosity may be'within desired limits. a tile which may be in'ex ensivelyztnanu- As an illustration of a suitable porcelanic'eo factured of readily availa le vitri d cebond, I may employthe following ingrediramic materials, which may have the antients in the proportions specified: slipping ains and the bond colored either Per cent by weight;

alike or ifierently,.and which will be sati-' Ball clay. 30 factory for use as a stair tread and prevent Feldspar -s 50 e5 slipping thereon. Flmt 20 In wlth my P p I i' It is to. be noted that such a bond is 'ref '$52 3 z z 'pgggfi gg g g fig f erably overilfirild so that it is capab e of unitin wit t e anti-sli in ains to a t fi i such wlth y i consid rable' extent by eh eriig into solumime bond 1 .PQi' m whwh tion with the surface material of the grain. t h antl'shppmg 3 and the bond The above bond composition may befired at are of ceramic composition. I find that a Sager com satisfactory antilippi'ng material may be -1 thghigher degrees f omsity are made by crushing to Proper grit Size desired, I preferabl employ a end which" carded orcelanic tiles produced for flooris ca r v pable of being red to a completely v1t y 'i materials reous or glassy condition under such firing I ably im '1 -P9 conditions as will not materially soften or has amlmmum omslt and 13 very dense detrimentally affect the porcelanic anti-slip- I and has substantm y the ardnessof uartz. ing ailm As a-speclfic exam 1e may 80 A porcelain which has been burne to a utilize from 1 to 40%015 a'g g bond somewhat glassy condition is articularly of the followingdngredients and Propor satisfactory for my purposes. s. an illus- Hons: 'tration of one available tile composition, I

. may utilize clay flint and folds ar within' a I i j i 9 88 'tflie following prbportions: 31 day 20 1 Per cent by weigh p 4 Ball clay- 30 811p clay Flmt f This vitreous bond, being fluid at the fem-- 35 Feld-spar p perature of burning, which may correspond 00 This material is mixed to a dry press to seger cone 12, is ca able of flowing into consistency, pressed in a suitable shape: and intimate contact with e grains and producfburned to approximately seger' cone '10, mg by solution and chemical reaction. a fo a very dense, opaque, well vitristron union therewith. By using this high- 40 fied b y. Y ly fluid material, I may increase-the porosias This anti-slipping material is crushed ,to' ty of the, tile. to a maximum and make a suitable grit size 0 'sha angular and irtolligher, stronger and more wear-resistant regular sha e which w' render it anti: boa; than one in which a porcelamc bond is slipping to ootgear. It works best if sized 11 so as to pass through a screen between 20 Th t PO W, i I d nlypreto 100 neshes to the linear inch- I ordifertobebetween 10% and 40% of the volume narily emplo the coarser ran' e of grains as measured by the penetration of water; since too muc of the fine material is equiva-, determines to a considerable extent the antilent to using more bond mixture and lowersh ping guahtie's of thetile. The (porosity. 50 ing the orosit of the final product. is etermmed by the amount of hen ,b the, In or er to nd this granular material roportions of. various sizes use and into a porous, anti-slip ing tile, I utilize a y the pressure used m p the tile. vitrifiable ceramic hon "which may be of If the porosity is too low then the anti either the porcelanie. or vitreous If slapping grams lose their individuality and 65, a porcelanic bondis'employed, I- o rily do not protrude suflicientfd stanee from no the grains will unite integrally. Hence the the surface of the tile to offer great resistance to slipping; When the porosity is high the Wear is taken by a relatively small number'of grains and such a tile may consequently' be short lived. A tile of high porosity is also objectionable from the standpoint of cleanliness sinceit can .take up and hold a relatively large amount of dirt.

This tile is made in accordance with wellknown ceramic practice, the main precaution being to fire the article under such a heat treatment that the porcelanic grains will not be materially softened and yet the bond and bond mixture must be selected relative to the composition and physical characteristics of the grains so that a minimum of bond may be used to produce an integral, non

homogeneous structure of the desired degree ofstrength and durability as well as prosity. This bond may have the same or a lesser degree of durability and-toughness as compared with .the anti-slipping abrasive grains. The mixture of grains and bond -may be formed to the desired shapes by the tion of ceramic colors. As an example, I.

may add to the porcelanic bond 3% by weight of green oxide of chromium, form an article of the desired shape from a mixture of this bond and anti-slipping grains, and

fire the article in a ceramic Lkiln to a temperature corresponding to cone 12. preferably in an oxidizing atmosphere. The bond in an article made by this method will be colored green. The anti-slipping grains will retain their individual colors and by a suitable choice of coloring material for the bond, an article may be made of uniform color or variegated. I do not limit myself to any color or mixture of colors.

I claim:

1. A safety tile comprising durable, wearresistant, anti-slipping grains of porcelain bonded into an integral non-homogeneous, highlyporous mass by a vitrified ceramic bond of a nature softer than the grains.

2. A. safety. tile comprising anti-slipping abrasive grains of hard and tough porcelain and a bond of vitrified ceramic material united into an integral highly porous -mass,

said bond forming'between 25 and 60% by Weight of the total mass and beingmore vitreous at the temperature of firing than the grams.

3. A. safety tile comprising anti-slipping abrasive grains of crushed porcelain coarser than 100 meshes to the linear inch andv a completely fills the voids between the grains and is inter-dissolved with the surface material of the grains, said tile having a porosity of at least {L A safety tile comprising coarse abrasive grainsof dense and hard porcelain, coloringmaterial and from to by Weight of a vitreous f ceramic bond united into an in tegral colored mass, having a rough antislipping surface and a porosity of at least 10%, said tile having been so fired as to cause the bond and grains to unite without detrimentally softening the grains. I

. Signed at Worcester, Massachusetts; this Oct. 1922.

26th day' of p MACDONALD C- BOOZE.

a bond of vitreous ceramic material which in- 

